BURSA
HISTORY OF BURSA
Bursa and its environs from the heavenly corners of Anatolia became the scene of settlements since ancient times. It is revealed that the civilizations created by the old settlements in the region went to 7 thousand years ago today, in the excavations of Ilıpınar Höyük. As a result of excavations in the mound, BC. A residential area descending down to 5200 years ago was found.
7 km from Bursa. north of Demirtaş province. south, 90 m. The surrounding area is 5 m. the "Demirtaş Höyüğü" is located. In this höyük there are usually hand, small amount of potsherds, cube and ceramic fragments of the test. These were early bronze and BC. It is dated to 2500 years.
The dimensions of "Çayırköy Höyüğü", which is 1 km southwest of Çayırköyü, 14 km west of the city are the same dimensions as Demirtaş Höyükü. The ceramic pieces found here are dominated by gray, red, brown and black colors. Significant parts of the ceramics found were made in hand, very few were made in the wheel. The oldest find of the mound was found in the BC. It belongs to the year 2700.
B.C. The first name of the city, which was founded by the Bithynians and Prussians in the 3rd century, was "Prusa". The oldest settlements of Bursa and its surroundings, also known as "Bitinya" in written sources, are located around Iznik Lake. There are only seven important mounds found around the Iznik Lake, which are believed to have been built during stone eras. Ilıpınar near Orhangazi and its 750 m. Hacılartepe Höyüğü to the east, Tepecik Höyüğü in Yeniköy suburb of Orhangazi-Iznik road and Körüstan, Üyücek Tepe, Höyücek and Karadin mounds to the east of İznik Lake.
The Yenisehir Babasultan Höyüğü with the Dogutepe Akhisar mounds located 3 km east of Cumatepe höyüğü in the city center of İnegöl indicates settlements belonging to prehistoric times. Demirtaş Village Höyüğü and the remains of Dorak Village and Tahtali Village of M. Kemalpaşa indicate that the Bursa region is an important civilization area for at least five thousand years.
7 km from Bursa. north of Demirtaş province. south, 90 m. The surrounding area is 5 m. the "Demirtaş Höyüğü" is located. In this höyük there are usually hand, small amount of potsherds, cube and ceramic fragments of the test. These were early bronze and BC. It is dated to 2500 years.
The dimensions of "Çayırköy Höyüğü", which is 1 km southwest of Çayırköyü, 14 km west of the city are the same dimensions as Demirtaş Höyükü. The ceramic pieces found here are dominated by gray, red, brown and black colors. Significant parts of the ceramics found were made in hand, very few were made in the wheel. The oldest find of the mound was found in the BC. It belongs to the year 2700.
B.C. The first name of the city, which was founded by the Bithynians and Prussians in the 3rd century, was "Prusa". The oldest settlements of Bursa and its surroundings, also known as "Bitinya" in written sources, are located around Iznik Lake. There are only seven important mounds found around the Iznik Lake, which are believed to have been built during stone eras. Ilıpınar near Orhangazi and its 750 m. Hacılartepe Höyüğü to the east, Tepecik Höyüğü in Yeniköy suburb of Orhangazi-Iznik road and Körüstan, Üyücek Tepe, Höyücek and Karadin mounds to the east of İznik Lake.
The Yenisehir Babasultan Höyüğü with the Dogutepe Akhisar mounds located 3 km east of Cumatepe höyüğü in the city center of İnegöl indicates settlements belonging to prehistoric times. Demirtaş Village Höyüğü and the remains of Dorak Village and Tahtali Village of M. Kemalpaşa indicate that the Bursa region is an important civilization area for at least five thousand years.
Establishment of Prusa (Bursa)
Bursa region, BC. In the 4th century BC the Bithynia state lived under the sovereignty of various colonies and countries. According to the famous Herodotus History, the only city that existed in that time around Bursa and its vicinity is Cius / Gemlik. The foundation of the city of Cius BC. It goes back to the 12th century. The city of Apamea / Mudanya, on the other hand, It is believed to have been established in the 10th century. Apollonia / Gölyazı, located on a island above Uluabat Lake, It is thought to have been established before the 6th century.
In the period of Krezus / Kroisos (561-546 BC), the Bursa region, which was ruled by the Lydians, later met with Persian / Iranian rule. The Bursa region was very destroyed during these wars. Dedalses founded an independent Bithynia State in the Bursa region by fighting against the Iranians. Botiras son of Dedalses and his son Bas / Byas (378-328 BC) are considered to be the first king of Bithynia kingdom.
B.C. In the 2 nd century, the ancient Miletopolis in Melde Tepesi near M.Kemalpaşa, Basilinopolis in Orhangazi, Pythopolis in Orthangazi village, Otroia in Yenişehir, Adriani in Orhaneli, Kremastis in Karacabey, Daskylium in Eşkel, Plai, Brillos in Kurşunlu and Nicaea in Iznik were established.
It was during the reign of Bithynia king Prusias I (232-192 BC) that Bursa rises to the city status and its surroundings are surrounded by the city walls. King Hannibal of Carthage took refuge in I. Prusias with his soldiers when he lost his war with the Roman emperor. Hannibal, after having a great reputation by Prusias I, founded his city in honor of him. For this reason the city was named Prusa. The exact location of the first settlement close to the city center dates back to BC. It shows 2500-2700 years.
In the time of the emperorship of I. Prusias, known as the founder of today's Bursa, the city of Bursa (Prusa ad Olympium), a marble statue of a woman and an ostotek were found.
In the time of Emperor Justinianus (527-565) new baths were built in Pythia (Çekirge). In 1935, vaulted rooms were found in the fortress. The base mosaic belonging to the early Byzantine period, located in the Castle Gate in the Hisar, is an important archaeological remains. Tophane has a Byzantine chapel and mosaics of monasteries.
Prusa (Bursa) between 1204-1261 continued to live as a dull monotheism connected to Nikaia (Iznik).
B.C. The Bithynia kingdom, which was linked to Rome in 74 years, remained under Roman rule for many years. Bursa and its vicinity, which lasted for the first time as a province of the Romans and then the Byzantines, were referred to as Bithynia principality or kingdom by foreign sources even in the period of the Ottoman Principality.
Today, the most rich Byzantine tombstone stalets of our country and various pieces of architectural pieces, ceramics, sikkeler are exhibited in the Bursa Archeology Museum.
Bursa, during the first 200 years of the Ottoman Empire, showed great developments compared to other cities and was decorated with many architectural structures; became the center of the scientific community with the well-known medrese of the devrin. Hüdavendigar Complex, which started from the time of Murad I, Yıldırım Complex, which was built by Beyazid I, started during the reign of Mehmed I (Chalabi) The Green Complex is a large complex that affects the spatial development of Bursa and is still standing today.
In the period of Krezus / Kroisos (561-546 BC), the Bursa region, which was ruled by the Lydians, later met with Persian / Iranian rule. The Bursa region was very destroyed during these wars. Dedalses founded an independent Bithynia State in the Bursa region by fighting against the Iranians. Botiras son of Dedalses and his son Bas / Byas (378-328 BC) are considered to be the first king of Bithynia kingdom.
B.C. In the 2 nd century, the ancient Miletopolis in Melde Tepesi near M.Kemalpaşa, Basilinopolis in Orhangazi, Pythopolis in Orthangazi village, Otroia in Yenişehir, Adriani in Orhaneli, Kremastis in Karacabey, Daskylium in Eşkel, Plai, Brillos in Kurşunlu and Nicaea in Iznik were established.
It was during the reign of Bithynia king Prusias I (232-192 BC) that Bursa rises to the city status and its surroundings are surrounded by the city walls. King Hannibal of Carthage took refuge in I. Prusias with his soldiers when he lost his war with the Roman emperor. Hannibal, after having a great reputation by Prusias I, founded his city in honor of him. For this reason the city was named Prusa. The exact location of the first settlement close to the city center dates back to BC. It shows 2500-2700 years.
In the time of the emperorship of I. Prusias, known as the founder of today's Bursa, the city of Bursa (Prusa ad Olympium), a marble statue of a woman and an ostotek were found.
In the time of Emperor Justinianus (527-565) new baths were built in Pythia (Çekirge). In 1935, vaulted rooms were found in the fortress. The base mosaic belonging to the early Byzantine period, located in the Castle Gate in the Hisar, is an important archaeological remains. Tophane has a Byzantine chapel and mosaics of monasteries.
Prusa (Bursa) between 1204-1261 continued to live as a dull monotheism connected to Nikaia (Iznik).
B.C. The Bithynia kingdom, which was linked to Rome in 74 years, remained under Roman rule for many years. Bursa and its vicinity, which lasted for the first time as a province of the Romans and then the Byzantines, were referred to as Bithynia principality or kingdom by foreign sources even in the period of the Ottoman Principality.
Today, the most rich Byzantine tombstone stalets of our country and various pieces of architectural pieces, ceramics, sikkeler are exhibited in the Bursa Archeology Museum.
Bursa, during the first 200 years of the Ottoman Empire, showed great developments compared to other cities and was decorated with many architectural structures; became the center of the scientific community with the well-known medrese of the devrin. Hüdavendigar Complex, which started from the time of Murad I, Yıldırım Complex, which was built by Beyazid I, started during the reign of Mehmed I (Chalabi) The Green Complex is a large complex that affects the spatial development of Bursa and is still standing today.
Whose city is Bursa?
Prior to Bursa and its vicinity, it was called Bithynia. The southern part of Uludağ and the western part were referred to as Mysia. The Bithynians living in the Bursa region were of Thracian origin. When it was located on the transit point of Asia and Europe, very different peoples settled in the region.
Before the Bithyns, the Bebryks lived in the area. Then the Mysies came. The Bithyns are often referred to as the Thracian of Asia because they are attached to Thrace customs and traditions. The language they speak is understood from the Thracian documents. However, with the influence of the Greek colonies, the people of Bithynia grew slowly. Before Bithyns, Bebryk was in the region and Mygdon in the east. In the West, the Mysia language was spoken.
It is known that the Byzantines settled a large number of Serbs and Bulgarians in and around Bursa in the 12th century. When the Ottomans came to this region, they found Orthodox Christians, from various ethnic groups in and around Bursa.
It is also necessary to state the fact that when the Ottomans took Bursa, the city was only in the fortress. Orhan Gazi took the city out of the fortress and built a new city outside the city walls, forming the core of today's Bursa. Public buildings such as schools, hospitals, bridges, soup kitchens, caravanserais, baths were built and the settlement tradition was started by creating housing areas in their surroundings and the foundations of today's "Green Bursa" were laid down.
Before the Bithyns, the Bebryks lived in the area. Then the Mysies came. The Bithyns are often referred to as the Thracian of Asia because they are attached to Thrace customs and traditions. The language they speak is understood from the Thracian documents. However, with the influence of the Greek colonies, the people of Bithynia grew slowly. Before Bithyns, Bebryk was in the region and Mygdon in the east. In the West, the Mysia language was spoken.
It is known that the Byzantines settled a large number of Serbs and Bulgarians in and around Bursa in the 12th century. When the Ottomans came to this region, they found Orthodox Christians, from various ethnic groups in and around Bursa.
It is also necessary to state the fact that when the Ottomans took Bursa, the city was only in the fortress. Orhan Gazi took the city out of the fortress and built a new city outside the city walls, forming the core of today's Bursa. Public buildings such as schools, hospitals, bridges, soup kitchens, caravanserais, baths were built and the settlement tradition was started by creating housing areas in their surroundings and the foundations of today's "Green Bursa" were laid down.
The arrival of Turks in the Bursa region
Muslims first came to Bursa during the time of the Abbasids (Harun Rashid). In 955, Hamedans in Aleppo captured Bursa and ruled Bursa for 23 years. It is seen that Turks came to Bursa region after 1081 for the first time. Iznik was the capital of the Anatolian Seljuk State in 1081-1097. In 1097, the region became the scene of the Crusades. The Iznik crossed the Crusaders. During a time of Alexias Kommenos (1097), the Turks took Bursa for the first time. During these wars, when the Latin government was established in Istanbul, the capital of the Byzantine Empire became Iznik. The Byzantine Empire of Iznik, founded by Theodor Laskaris in 1204, continued to exist until 1261.
When the Latins occupied Istanbul, the Byzantine princes took Bursa in cooperation with Muslim rulers to get rid of this new enemy. Bursa, which remained in the hands of the Greeks until 1214, was emperor II due to the reluctance of the people in the resistance against the Muslims. He came to Andronicos' wrath. Many of the people were plundered and some of them were given exile and death penalty. II. Andronikos could hold Bursa by this violence method until he was able to defeat the Latins and provide empire recognition.
From Beylik to the State (Osman Gazi Revolution 1299-1324)
Osman Bey, the founder and first sultan of the Ottoman State, is the son of Ertuğrul Gazi. The Ottomans had a very important advantage to be neighboring to the Christian land according to other bears, and they soon brought them to great empire.
Having seen the great contribution of the dervishes in the foundation of the Ottoman State, Osman Bey gave many dances to Bursa and its surroundings for this reason. He also received the daughter of Sheikh Edebali, the most important dervishes of the region. Osman Bey, who was enriched by the wars he did in the Byzantine lands; Karacahisar, Yarhisar took İnegöl. In 1302, he made Yenisehir the center of the state. He surrounded Iznik and Bursa, but lost his life without taking it. According to the will, the Silver Dome (Saint Elia Monastery) in Tophane was buried. There was very little property on his death as a private property.
Having seen the great contribution of the dervishes in the foundation of the Ottoman State, Osman Bey gave many dances to Bursa and its surroundings for this reason. He also received the daughter of Sheikh Edebali, the most important dervishes of the region. Osman Bey, who was enriched by the wars he did in the Byzantine lands; Karacahisar, Yarhisar took İnegöl. In 1302, he made Yenisehir the center of the state. He surrounded Iznik and Bursa, but lost his life without taking it. According to the will, the Silver Dome (Saint Elia Monastery) in Tophane was buried. There was very little property on his death as a private property.
Conquest of Bursa
Osman Bey, when the united armies of the Byzantine tekfurlar were wrecked near Dimboz / Erdoğan village in 1308, Bursa had come to the front. After this date, one of the towers had been built by the commander of Ak Timur and the other at the place of Mollaarap School, under the command of Balaban Bey. To secure the back of Bursa in 1325 Orhaneli Castle was desperate to conquer the conquest. 6th of April
He delivered Bursa to Orhan Bey on 1326. Thus, Bursa has been handed over to the Turks by means of delivering in a form called "vire" rather than a sword of attachment.
At that time there was no gun or rifle, so the most important war-torn qualities used to lower the rankings were kept under control by the towers, preventing entry and exit. Thus, leaving the people of the castle hungry, cutting water, the cities were seized without bloodshed. This method called "vire" was applied in the seizure of Bursa, the people who were hungry and thirsty were uprooted against the tekfura and the city was delivered to the Ottoman Empire without bloodshed.
He delivered Bursa to Orhan Bey on 1326. Thus, Bursa has been handed over to the Turks by means of delivering in a form called "vire" rather than a sword of attachment.
At that time there was no gun or rifle, so the most important war-torn qualities used to lower the rankings were kept under control by the towers, preventing entry and exit. Thus, leaving the people of the castle hungry, cutting water, the cities were seized without bloodshed. This method called "vire" was applied in the seizure of Bursa, the people who were hungry and thirsty were uprooted against the tekfura and the city was delivered to the Ottoman Empire without bloodshed.
An empire is born in Bursa (Orhan Gazi Revolution 1324-1360)
The son of Osman Bey, the founder of the Ottoman State, and the second sultan of the state, Orhan Bey, became the father of his father in 1320. He conquered Mudanya in 1321 and Bursa on 6 April 1326, and in 1324 he passed on the throne. Byzantine armies were destroyed in Pelekanon near Istanbul in 1329. Orhan Gazi who delivered Iznik in 1331 carried the capital of the Ottomans to Iznik for 5 years.
Orhan Gazi, who benefited from the internal confusion in Byzantium in 1353, took the Çimpe kalesin in Gelibolu. He passed through Gelibolu and seized Tekirdağ with all Marmara coasts. He made the first legal regulations that constitute the foundations of the state. He organized the army. He brought tax laws. For the first time, he put money on his behalf. Orhan Gazi, who was the wife of Bilecik Tekfurun's daughter Nilufer Hatun and the Asporca and Byzantine Empress Thedora, got a lot of monumental works such as a mosque, hamam, bridge, fountain, mint and madrasah.
Orhan Gazi lost his life in 1360. He was buried in Tophane near his father.
The first martyr sultan: Murat Hüdavendigar (1360-1389)
Murat I, the son of Orhan Bey, took management and war lessons beside Lala Sahin Pasha. Bursa Sancakbeyi in the year 1340; his elder brother Süleyman Pasha died in 1359 and became commander of the Rumeli army. In 1360 he passed on the throne. In 1362 he conquered Edirne and carried the state center here. In 1364 he won the Serbian War of the Black Crusade in the Balkans. The Ottoman ringleaders were based on the Adriatic Sea. In 1389, after the First War of Kosovo, he was martyred and lost his life. For this reason, Gazi is known by Hüdavendigar. The grave is in the turtle that carries its name in Çekirge.
During this period, the grooming organization was developed. In addition to pedestrian, mental and newscapes, cavalry cavalry soldiers were set up. There is an interesting mosque with baths and tombs in the mosque in Çekirge. In addition, the Shahadet Mosque in Hisar and the palace where the garrison of Hisar is today is built by Sultan Murat I.
Orhan Gazi, who benefited from the internal confusion in Byzantium in 1353, took the Çimpe kalesin in Gelibolu. He passed through Gelibolu and seized Tekirdağ with all Marmara coasts. He made the first legal regulations that constitute the foundations of the state. He organized the army. He brought tax laws. For the first time, he put money on his behalf. Orhan Gazi, who was the wife of Bilecik Tekfurun's daughter Nilufer Hatun and the Asporca and Byzantine Empress Thedora, got a lot of monumental works such as a mosque, hamam, bridge, fountain, mint and madrasah.
Orhan Gazi lost his life in 1360. He was buried in Tophane near his father.
The first martyr sultan: Murat Hüdavendigar (1360-1389)
Murat I, the son of Orhan Bey, took management and war lessons beside Lala Sahin Pasha. Bursa Sancakbeyi in the year 1340; his elder brother Süleyman Pasha died in 1359 and became commander of the Rumeli army. In 1360 he passed on the throne. In 1362 he conquered Edirne and carried the state center here. In 1364 he won the Serbian War of the Black Crusade in the Balkans. The Ottoman ringleaders were based on the Adriatic Sea. In 1389, after the First War of Kosovo, he was martyred and lost his life. For this reason, Gazi is known by Hüdavendigar. The grave is in the turtle that carries its name in Çekirge.
During this period, the grooming organization was developed. In addition to pedestrian, mental and newscapes, cavalry cavalry soldiers were set up. There is an interesting mosque with baths and tombs in the mosque in Çekirge. In addition, the Shahadet Mosque in Hisar and the palace where the garrison of Hisar is today is built by Sultan Murat I.
The Face of the Darkness: The Period of Fetret (1402-1413)
While Bursa was developing as a capital city in the Ottoman period, the end of the Ottoman defeat against Timur, which was supported by the Anatolian principals, was looted and burned together with the city Ulucami by Timur's soldiers. After that, Bursa, one time, changed hands between the sons of Yıldırım Bayezid.
The bloody conflicts that began between the princesses of Jesus Çelebi and the princesses who came to Bursa with some pashas from the sons of Yıldırım after the Battle of Ankara, came to an end with the seizure of Çelebi Mehmet in 1413.
The bloody conflicts that began between the princesses of Jesus Çelebi and the princesses who came to Bursa with some pashas from the sons of Yıldırım after the Battle of Ankara, came to an end with the seizure of Çelebi Mehmet in 1413.
The sultan who established the state for the second time: Çelebi Mehmet (1413-1421)
Çelebi Mehmet, the son of Sultan Bayezid and Devlet Hatun, is the fifth of the Ottoman sultans and the second founder of the Ottoman State. Çelebi Mehmet struggled with his brothers Solomon, Jesus, and Musa Chalabi to unify the Ottoman lands which were broken up after the Battle of Ankara (1402) under an administration. In this way, Çelebi Sultan Mehmet, who saved the great depression encountered by the Ottoman Empire and united the state, tried to get back the lands that had been elated before anything else.
Çelebi Mehmet, who suppressed the rebellion of Sheikh Bedreddin, lost his life in Bursa on 26 May 1421. It was buried in the unique beauty Green Tomb in the green neighborhood. Çelebi Mehmet had built the "Kulliye", a medrese, a mosque and imaret, in the place where the turban was located. At the same time Çelebi Mehmet Edirne, a divan poet, built a mosque and bedesten, and in Amasya his son built a tomb for November.
Dervishane is a sultan: II. Murat (1421-1451)
He is the son of Çelebi Mehmet and Emine Hatun. In 1415 Amasya became Sancakbeyi. In 1420, Börklüce Mustafa repressed the rebellions of the Germans, Ramazanoğulları and Menteşoğulları of Anatolian principals.
In 1430 he took the Thessaloniki castle from the Venetians. Varna in 1444, II in 1448. With the successes he gained in the war in Kosovo, the borders of the state expanded in the Balkans.
In the presence of the state administrators he had gathered in Karacabey, he declared that he gave up the Sultanan. He was retired for a while in Karacabey. Then, with the pressure of Çandar Khalil, he had to go back to the throne again. When he was 47, he lost his life on February 3, 1451 and was buried in Muradiye's turtle. The top of the castle is open on the will, and there is soil on the chest.
Sultan II. Murat's mausoleum in Muradiye district; mosques, baths, madrasas and imarets were found and they all came up to daylight. Sultan Murat is a person who is emotional and poetical and the mirror is a divan poet, musician and calligrapher.
Spiritual Capital Bursa
Fatih (1451-1481), after taking Istanbul, Bursa was pushed to the second plan. For this reason, Bursa has always been the second or spiritual capital. For example Fatih died and II. When Bayezid became sultan (1481-1512), his brother Cem also came to Bursa in 1481 and announced his sultanate. Untied Şehzade Cem, 18 days in Suleiman Bursa'da stood the sultan, where he put money on his behalf. Later, this situation caused the Sultan to be punished by the Sultan. II. When Bayezid entered Bursa in 1512, Yeniçeriler wanted to spoil the city, looting was finally prevented.
When Yavuz Selim became a sultan, his brother Korkut wanted to become a sultan in Bursa by doing the same thing. However, Bursalılar prevented the prince Korkut to take the rifles from the palace-ı amire in Bursa. Later, Ahmed, also wanted to rule by taking Bursa, but failed.
Çelebi Mehmet, who suppressed the rebellion of Sheikh Bedreddin, lost his life in Bursa on 26 May 1421. It was buried in the unique beauty Green Tomb in the green neighborhood. Çelebi Mehmet had built the "Kulliye", a medrese, a mosque and imaret, in the place where the turban was located. At the same time Çelebi Mehmet Edirne, a divan poet, built a mosque and bedesten, and in Amasya his son built a tomb for November.
Dervishane is a sultan: II. Murat (1421-1451)
He is the son of Çelebi Mehmet and Emine Hatun. In 1415 Amasya became Sancakbeyi. In 1420, Börklüce Mustafa repressed the rebellions of the Germans, Ramazanoğulları and Menteşoğulları of Anatolian principals.
In 1430 he took the Thessaloniki castle from the Venetians. Varna in 1444, II in 1448. With the successes he gained in the war in Kosovo, the borders of the state expanded in the Balkans.
In the presence of the state administrators he had gathered in Karacabey, he declared that he gave up the Sultanan. He was retired for a while in Karacabey. Then, with the pressure of Çandar Khalil, he had to go back to the throne again. When he was 47, he lost his life on February 3, 1451 and was buried in Muradiye's turtle. The top of the castle is open on the will, and there is soil on the chest.
Sultan II. Murat's mausoleum in Muradiye district; mosques, baths, madrasas and imarets were found and they all came up to daylight. Sultan Murat is a person who is emotional and poetical and the mirror is a divan poet, musician and calligrapher.
Spiritual Capital Bursa
Fatih (1451-1481), after taking Istanbul, Bursa was pushed to the second plan. For this reason, Bursa has always been the second or spiritual capital. For example Fatih died and II. When Bayezid became sultan (1481-1512), his brother Cem also came to Bursa in 1481 and announced his sultanate. Untied Şehzade Cem, 18 days in Suleiman Bursa'da stood the sultan, where he put money on his behalf. Later, this situation caused the Sultan to be punished by the Sultan. II. When Bayezid entered Bursa in 1512, Yeniçeriler wanted to spoil the city, looting was finally prevented.
When Yavuz Selim became a sultan, his brother Korkut wanted to become a sultan in Bursa by doing the same thing. However, Bursalılar prevented the prince Korkut to take the rifles from the palace-ı amire in Bursa. Later, Ahmed, also wanted to rule by taking Bursa, but failed.
Year Years: Bursa from the Occupation to Salvation
After the First World War, Turkey was occupied by the Allies. In 1920, the Greeks first occupied Mustafakemalpaşa and Karacabey on July 2, 1920, followed by İzmir and its surroundings. On July 6, Gemlik was occupied by the British.
In Bursa, the greatest pain after the Ottoman period was the Greek invasion. On the Turkish Grand National Assembly headquarters in Ankara, Bursa covered a black cover to stay from the invading enemy occupation.
In those difficult years, almost a third of those living in Bursa were non-Muslims, so some Bursalis took their weapons and went out into the mountains. Those who stayed in the city had done intelligence work for the Kuvvay-ı Milliye. The insult of the Greeks' Osman Gazi species caused Bursalians to be even more shameless against the invaders. Bursa was rescued on September 11, 1922 after 2 years, 2 months and 2 days of occupation. The withdrawal of Greek troops from the city, as well as the Turkish army, the contribution of the armed militia was great.
In Bursa, the greatest pain after the Ottoman period was the Greek invasion. On the Turkish Grand National Assembly headquarters in Ankara, Bursa covered a black cover to stay from the invading enemy occupation.
In those difficult years, almost a third of those living in Bursa were non-Muslims, so some Bursalis took their weapons and went out into the mountains. Those who stayed in the city had done intelligence work for the Kuvvay-ı Milliye. The insult of the Greeks' Osman Gazi species caused Bursalians to be even more shameless against the invaders. Bursa was rescued on September 11, 1922 after 2 years, 2 months and 2 days of occupation. The withdrawal of Greek troops from the city, as well as the Turkish army, the contribution of the armed militia was great.
|
Problems encountered by contemporary Bursa
During the occupation period, the people of Bursa lived very hard years. Many villagers died, especially in many villages. During the occupation years, many neighborhoods were burnt down in Bursa. After the Republic; A new, different depression occurred when non-Muslims, which constitute about one-third of Bursa's population, did not leave the city. The "exchange immigrants" who replaced the non-Muslims who had gone out had to start over again. Already Bursa, since the years of 1880 a heavy influx of immigrants has suffered. Immigrants from the Balkans, then immigrants from Greece through exchange, made Bursa a major social and economic problem in the first years of the Republic. Because, while many non-Muslims who left Bursa were tradesmen and merchants, the problems that almost all of the migrants who came to their places became farmers increased even more. Most of the immigrants who did not know Turkish even though they had different traditional and cultural characteristics led to different and serious problems for the Republic of Bursa. However, the Republican administration, in a short period of time to overcome these social and cultural problems in Bursa. The young Republic succeeded in creating a modern city in a short time from a burned, demolished Bursa. Again silk factories were established, both in the city center and in the districts and villages a major reconstruction has begun. Bursa, which also possesses the Republican revolutions, has made a great development in a very short time and became the fourth biggest city of the country. Atatürk and Bursa Ataturk made Ankara, the center of the national struggle, as the capital, but he liked Bursa very much. As a matter of fact, Bursa comes at the beginning of the most visited Atatürk's illusions. Ataturk came to Bursa 18 times from 1922 until his death. Ataturk made his first visit to Bursa on October 17, 1922 just above the War of Independence. In his speech during this tour, Ataturk said: "Now the battle of our armies is over. Now we are preparing for a war on education and economics. " At the third occasion of August 31 - September 11, 1924, Atatürk is now president. In his speech at the ceremony Bursa's salvation, he has said: "Our revolution was charged Turkey's happiness for centuries. What falls to us is to work by explaining and evaluating it ". Atatürk visited Anatolia before every revolution that he was going to do and his pulse was absent. These trips started in Bursa. Again before the Letter Revolution, he came to Bursa on August 27, 1928. On the occasion of its development on March 26, 1937, Bursa gave a speech to his youth: "You say you will watch me tirelessly. But friends, what I want from you, even when you are tired, is to walk constantly, follow me without rest. We, the new Turkey's young sons, even yorulsa you will follow me. Those who decide to walk to rest will never tire of it. " Ataturk, the year he left the most colorful tour, left for Bursa on 1 February 1938. Atatürk, who is a long-suffering patient, danced in Bursa and had fun. Bursa'da experienced the last spring, of course ... Atatürk himself in the ballroom in the Bursa Municipality hall was so cheerful that he stopped orchestra and zeybek. He went to the middle of the hall and played zeybek. Bursa, lit up with Ataturk's Turkey. Bursa and Turkey Bursalılar like all owe him a lot. Bursalılar like all of Turkey will never forget her ... |
Düzenlemek için buraya tıklayın. |
|
CUMALIKIZIK KÖYÜ
Cumalıkızık Köyü bir zaman kapsülü!.. Cumalıkızık otantik dokusunu iyi şekilde korumuş, şirin köylerimizden. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda bir köyde yaşamak nasıl birşeymiş merak ediyorsanız, Cumalıkızık doğru adres… Aslında zamanında 15 adet kızık köyü varmış ama Kurtuluş Savaşı, sel, gecekondulaşma gibi çeşitli sebeplerle yok olmuşlar. Buranın nasıl paçayı kurtardığına dair hikayeleri aşağıda geniş geniş anlatırız. Köyü önce ağzımız açık, sonra kulaklarımızda gezdik: İnsan taş döşemeli dar sokaklar boyunca uzanan mor, mavi ya da sarı renklere boyanmış, kerpiç, tahta ve taş karışımı evleri gördüğünde köyün korunmuşluğu karşısında hayrete düşüyor. Malum, seceremizin kabarık olduğu bir konu. Tarihi 1300‘lü yıllara dayanan köyde betonarme bina yok denecek kadar az, tüm evler aslına uygun olarak restore edilmiş. Bu evler tipik olarak cumbalı, iç avlulu ve en güzeli bu avluları restoran olarak işletiyorlar… Öyle güzel ki, Osmanlı sivil mimarisinin en gözde örneği olarak tarih, sanat tarihi, mimarlık gibi derslerde okutuluyor. Öyle çanak antenmiş, ışıklı tabelalarmış gibi görüntü kirlilikleri de yok.
Cumalıkızık Bir UNESCO Dünya Mirası Köy, iyi korunmuşluğu ve Osmanlı’nın kuruluşundaki önemi sebebiyle 2014’te UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesi‘ne kabul edilmiş, başka bir değişle tüm insanlık için önemli bir yer olarak kabul ediliyor. Zaten Kınalıkar dizisinin burada çekilmesi sebebiyle Türkiye’de ün kazanmış olan köy, böylece yabancıların da uğrak yerlerinden biri olmuş. Yerli yabancı turistler buraya akın etse de teyzeler ne şalvarlarını, ne de meyve bahçelerini terk etmişler. Tonton elleriyle gözlemeler mantılar yapıp, Uludağ’ın eteklerindeki köyde misafirlerini ağırlıyorlar. Cumalıkızık’ı çok beğendik. Fotoğrafçılığa, mimariye, Osmanlı tarihine ya da sadece estetik yerlere meraklı olanların çok keyif alacağı bir yer. Haftasonları Bursalıların favori kahvaltı mekanı oluyor, dolayısı ile 10’dan sonra sandalye kapmaca başlıyor. Yaz, kış bu böyle. Diyeceğimiz o ki, kahvaltıya gelecekseniz erken gelin.
Düzenlemek için buraya tıklayın. |
|
TRİLYE
|
|
|
|